The Scuola Normale Superiore Established in 1810 alongside the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, SNS is a public institution of higher learning comprising the Faculty of Humanities and the Faculty of Sciences in Pisa, and the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences in Florence. SNS admits, by competitive examination only, a small number of fully funded undergraduate students (32 in the Faculty of Sciences), who concurrently enroll in BA and MA degree programs at the University of Pisa (or Florence). In addition, they attend specialized courses and seminars offered by SNS professors and sit additional examinations leading to a final Diploma. Of these 32 students, typically 12 or more study Mathematics. Most SNS undergraduate students continue their studies in top-tier doctoral programs in Italy or abroad. SNS inaugurated the first postgraduate program in Italy in 1927 and currently offers 13 doctoral programs, seven of which are in the Sciences. It also participates in joint doctoral programs with other universities and in national doctoral consortia. Each year, approximately 100 doctoral students are admitted by examination—about half in the Faculty of Sciences—and receive full funding for four years, as well as travel and research support. SNS hosts two PhD programs in Mathematics: one in Pure Mathematics and one interdisciplinary program in Computational Methods and Mathematical Models for Sciences and Finance, each admitting six students per year. A substantial proportion of SNS PhD graduates go on to secure teaching and research positions at prestigious universities and research centers in Italy and abroad.